UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

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Universitas Indonesia

Didirikan 1851
Jenis Universitas negeri berstatus BHMN
Motto Universitas Dengan Perspektif Internasional
Rektor Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri
Mahasiswa 33,662 (per 2008)[1]
Kampus Urban
Lokasi Kota Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Telepon +62-21-7270020
Warna Kuning
Julukan Jaket Kuning
Afiliasi AUN, ASAIHL, APRU, - ASEA UNINET – FUIW - SEAMEO - AUAP
Situs web www.ui.ac.id

Universitas Indonesia, disingkat UI, adalah sebuah perguruan tinggi di Indonesia.
Kampus utamanya terdapat dibagian Utara dari Depok, Jawa Barat, dan kampus utama
lainnya terdapat di daerah Salemba di Jakarta Pusat.

Universitas Indonesia adalah lembaga pendidikan terdepan dan universitas paling bergengsi di Indonesia,
dengan ranking yang tertinggi di Indonesia pada peringkat Times Higher Education Supplement World University Rankings of 2006
UI mendapat rangking 395 di THES World University Rankings of 2007, di antara 11000 universitas yang dinilai di seluruh dunia.
Pada bulan Oktober 2008, UI menduduki peringkat ke-287 di antara top university di dunia dan pada tahun 2009 menduduki peringkat ke-50 besar di Asia.
Pada bulan Oktober 2009, UI menduduki peringkat ke-201 di antara top university di dunia.

Selama tahun 2007-2008 Universitas Indonesia telah melalui serangkaian reformasi substantif dibidang akademik dan non-akademik.
Sebagai contoh, terdapat peningkatan pendapatan dari Rp 800 Milliar menjadi 1.6 Trilliun Rupiah pertahun.
Jumlah publikasi ilmiah juga semakin meningkat.

SEJARAH SINGKAT UI

Sejarah Universitas Indonesia dapat ditelusuri sejak tahun 1851. Ketika itu, pemerintah kolonial Belanda mendirikan sebuah sekolah yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan asisten dokter tambahan. Pelajar di sekolah itu mendapatkan pelatihan kedokteran selama dua tahun. Lulusannya diberikan sertifikat untuk melakukan perawatan-perawatan tingkat dasar serta mendapatkan gelar Dokter Jawa (Javanese Doctor), bergelar demikian karena dokter ini hanya diberi izin untuk membuka praktek di wilayah Hindia Belanda, terutama di pulau Jawa. Pada tahun 1864, program pendidikan tersebut ditambah waktunya menjadi tiga tahun, dan pada tahun 1875 menjadi 7 tahun. Gelar yang diberikan pun berubah menjadi Dokter Medis (Medical Doctor)

Pada tahun 1898, pemerintah kolonial mendirikan sekolah baru untuk melatih tenaga medis, yaitu STOVIA (School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen). Pendidikan di STOVIA berlangsung selama 9 tahun: 3 tahun setingkat SMP, tiga tahun setingkat SMA, dan tiga tahun lainnya setingkat Diploma. Banyak lulusan STOVIA yang kemudian memainkan peranan penting dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.

Pada tahun 1924 pemerintah kolonial mendirikan RHS (Rechts Hogeschool) yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi tenaga administrasi sipil rendahan. RHS inilah yang menjadi cikal-bakal Fakultas Hukum UI. Pada tahun 1927 mengubah status dan nama STOVIA menjadi GHS (Geneeskundige Hogeschool). Gedung pendidikan dan pelatihan kedokteran yang digunakan GHS menjadi gedung Fakultas Kedokteran UI saat ini. Banyak alumni GHS yang kemudian berperan besar dalam pendirian Universitas Indonesia.

Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia dideklarasikan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, Badan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia (BPTRI) didirikan di Jakarta. BPTRI memiliki tiga fakultas, yaitu Kedokteran dan Farmasi, Sastra, dan Hukum. Pada tahun yang sama, institusi ini berhasil meluluskan 90 orang sebagai dokter. Ketika tentara kolonial Belanda kembali menguasai Jakarta di akhir tahun 1945, BPTRI dipindahkan ke Klaten, Surakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, dan Malang. Pada tanggal 21 Juni 1946 NICA mendirikan sebuah Nood Universiteit atau Universitas Sementara di Jakarta. Pada tanggal 21 Maret 1947, nama Nood Universiteit diganti menjadi Universiteit van Indonesie (UVI). Akhirnya, setelah Jakarta berhasil diambil alih kembali, pemerintah mengembalikan BPTRI ke Jakarta dan menggabungkannya dengan Universiteit van Indonesie, dan memberinya nama baru Universiteit Indonesia (UI).

UI secara resmi memulai kegiatannya pada 2 Februari 1950 dengan presiden (saat ini disebut rektor) pertamanya Ir. R.P Soerachman Tjokroadisoerio. Kantor Presiden Universiteit Indonesia mula-mula berkedudukan di Jakarta, tepatnya di gedung Fakultas Kedokteran di Jl Salemba Raya no. 6, kemudian dipindahkan ke salah satu bangunan bekas pabrik madat di Jl. Samlemba Raya no. 4, Jakarta. Tanggal 2 Februari 1950 kemudian dijadikan hari kelahiran Universitas Indonesia.

Awalnya, UI memiliki 9 fakultas dan 3 lembaga yang tersebar di lima kota, yaitu Fakulteit Kedokteran, Fakulteit Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Masyarakat, serta Fakulteit Sastra dan Filsafat di Jakarta; Fakulteit Ilmu Alam dan Ilmu Pasti, Fakulteit Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknik, dan Lembaga Pendidikan Guru Menggambar di Bandung; Fakulteit Pertanian dan Fakulteit Kedokteran Hewan di Bogor; Fakulteit Ekonomi di Makassar; Fakulteit Kedokteran dan Lembaga Kedokteran Gigi di Surabaya.

Pada tahun 1955, Undang-Undang No. 10 tentang pengubahan kata universiteit, universitet, dan universitit disyahkan, sehingga sejak itu, Universiteit Indonesia secara resmi diubah namanya menjadi Universitas Indonesia.

Berangsur-angsur fakultas-fakultas yang berada di daerah memisahkan diri membentuk lembaga pendidikan yang berdiri sendiri. Pada tanggal 2 Maret 1959 Fakultas Teknik dan Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di Bandung terbentuk dan berkembang menjadi Institut Teknologi Bandung. Selanjutnya pada 1 September 1963 Fakultas Pertanian dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan UI memisahkan diri pula menjadi Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) yang kini menjadi perguruan tinggi pertanian terkemuka bertaraf internasional. Fakultas di Surabaya menjadi Universitas Airlangga dan di Makassar menjadi Universitas Hasanuddin. Pada 1964 Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan menjadi Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (IKIP) Jakarta dan kini berubah kembali menjadi Universitas Negeri Jakarta.

Ketika Orde Baru dimulai pada tahun 1966, pemerintah menunjuk beberapa guru besar UI untuk menduduki jabatan menteri dengan tujuan untuk memulihkan kembali situasi ekonomi nasional. Sejak saat itu, UI secara konstan telah memberikan kontribusi nyata pada usaha-usaha pemerintah untuk meraih kemakmuran nasional.

Pada tanggal 26 Desember 2000 melalui Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 152 tahun 2000, UI ditetapkan sebagai perguruan tinggi negeri mandiri berstatus Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN). Dalam status tersebut, UI wajib lebih mengedepankan kinerja pengelolaan sebuah universitas publik dengan prinsip-prinsip efisiensi, efektivitas, akuntabilitas, dan transparansi.

UNIVERSITAS AL-AZHAR

جامعة الأزهر
Jami'at Al-ʾAzhar al-Šyarīf

Masjid Al-Azhar di Kairo Mesir
Didirikan 970~972 M
Jenis Publik, Pengkajian Islam
Afiliasi Islam Sunni
Syeikh (ketua) Ahmad Muhammad Tayyib
Kampus Urban
Lokasi Kairo, Templat:Bendera mesir Mesir
 Universitas Al-Azhar

Tau kan...Al-Azhar di cairo Kampus mas Azam & mbak Ana itu.....

Universitas Al-Azhar (diucapkan "AZ-har", bahasa Arab: جامعة الأزهر الشريف; Al-ʾAzhar al-Šyarīf , Al-Azhar Mulia),
adalah salah satu pusat utama pendidikan sastra Arab dan pengkajian Islam Sunni di dunia[1] dan merupakan
universitas pemberi gelar tertua kedua di dunia.[2] Universitas ini berhubungan dengan masjid Al-Azhar di wilayah Kairo Kuno.

Mulanya universitas ini dibangun oleh Bani Fatimiyah yang menganut mazhab Syi'ah Ismailiyah,
dan sebutan Al-Azhar mengambil dari nama Sayyidah Fatimah az-Zahra, putri Nabi Muhammad.
Masjid ini dibangun sekitar tahun 970~972. Pelajaran dimulai di Al-Azhar pada Ramadan Oktober 975,
ketika ketua Mahkamah Agung Abul Hasan Ali bin Al-Nu'man mulai mengajar dari buku "Al-Ikhtisar"
mengenai topik yurisprudensi Syi'ah. Madrasah, tempat pendidikan agama, yang terhubung dengan masjid ini
dibangun pada tahun 988. Belakangan, tempat ini menjadi sekolah bagi kaum Sunni menjelang abad pertengahan,
dan terus terpelihara hingga saat ini.

Saat ini, misi universitas antara lain adalah penyebaran agama dan budaya Islam. Untuk tujuan ini,
para sarjana Islam (ulama) mengeluarkan maklumat (fatwa) untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan yang
ditanyakan kepada mereka dari seluruh dunia Islam Sunni, mengenai perilaku individu atau masyarakat
muslim yang tepat (contohnya baru-baru ini adalah fatwa mengenai klarifikasi dan dan pelarangan terhadap
pemotongan alat kelamin perempuan). Al-Azhar juga melatih pedakwah yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah Mesir.

Perpustakaan Al-Azhar dianggap nomor dua terpenting penting di Mesir setelah Perpustakaan dan Arsip Nasional Mesir.
Al-Azhar yang bermitra dengan ITEP, suatu perusahaan teknologi informasi Dubai, pada bulan Mei 2005 meluncurkan
Proyek YM Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum untuk Melestarikan dan Mempublikasikan Naskah Al-Azhar Secara Online
("Proyek Al-Azhar Online"); dengan membawa misi untuk memberikan akses online kepada masyarakat atas seluruh koleksi
manuskrip langka (terdiri dari sekitar tujuh juta halaman) yang dimiliki perpustakaan Al-Azhar.

UNIVERSITAS TERBAIK DUNIA & INDONESIA

Pengen tau.... universitas terbaik di dunia & Indonesia? 

Inilah daftar universitas-universitas terbaik di dunia dan juga Indonesia. Saat ini universitas-universitas top di Amerika masih menjadi yang terunggul. Tetapi walaupun begitu secara umum sistem pendidikan di Jepang, Korea Selatan, Singapura, dan China dianggap jauh lebih baik. Indonesia memang saat ini universitas-universitas terbaiknya masih berada di urutan bawah.

Dan bagaimana cara, agar manusia-manusia Indonesia bisa dengan cepat dirubah menjadi yang terbaik di dunia? Bagaimana kalau langsung belajar dari yang terbaik?

RANKING UNIVERSITAS TERBAIK DUNIA

1. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amerika

2. Yale, Amerika

3. Cambridge, Inggris

4. Oxford, Inggris

5. California Institute of Technology, Amerika

6. Imperial College London, Inggris

7. University College London, Inggris

8. University of Chicago, Amerika

9. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Amerika

10. Columbia University, Amerika

16. Australian National University

19. University of Tokyo

25. Kyoto University

30. National University of Singapore

77. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

93. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

166. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

250. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia

251. Mahidol University, Thailand

254. Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines

276. University of the Philippines, Philippines

Dan.... universitas-universitas terbaik Indonesia 

287. University of Indonesia (UI)

315. Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

316. Gajah Mada University (UGM)

(Benar kan?).

History

History

[edit] Definition

Representation of a university class in the 1350s

The original Latin word "universitas" was used at the time of emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, to describe specialized "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually guaranteed by charters issued by princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located."^[2] The original Latin word referred to degree-granting institutions of learning in Western Europe, where this form of legal organization was prevalent, and from where the institution spread around the world. For non-related educational institutions of antiquity which did not stand in the tradition of the university and to which the term is only loosely and retrospectively applied, see ancient centers of higher learning.

[edit] Academic freedom

An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes early in the life of the first university. University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita,^[3] in 1158 or 1155,^[4] which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of "academic freedom".^[5] This is now widely recognised internationally, when on 18 September 1988 430 University Rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum,^[6] marking the 900th anniversary of Bologna's foundation. The number of Universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, drawing from all parts of the world.

[edit] First known university

Nalanda University was established in the 5th century AD in Bihar, India.^[7]. Founded in 427 in northeastern India, not far from what is today the southern border of Nepal, and surviving until 1197, Nalanda University was the first great modern universities in recorded history. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war.^[8]

The university was an architectural and environmental masterpiece. It had eight separate compounds, 10 temples, meditation halls, classrooms, lakes and parks. It had a nine-story library where monks meticulously copied books and documents so that individual scholars could have their own collections. It had dormitories for students, perhaps a first for an educational institution, housing 10,000 students in the university’s heyday and providing accommodations for 2,000 professors. Nalanda was also the most global university of its time, attracting pupils and scholars from Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia and Turkey.

[edit] Medieval universities

Main articles: Medieval university and List of medieval universities

The University of Salamanca in Spain, founded 1218

Prior to their formal establishment, many medieval universities were run for hundreds of years as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (Scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.^[9] The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the western church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as studia generali (n.b. The development of cathedral schools into universities actually appears to be quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception — see Leff, Paris and Oxford Universities), later they were also founded by Kings (University of Naples Federico II, Charles University in Prague, Jagiellonian University in Krakow) or municipal administrations (University of Cologne, University of Erfurt). In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.

The first universities in Europe were the University of Bologna (1088), the University of Paris (c. 1150, later associated with the Sorbonne), the University of Oxford (1167), the University of Palencia (1208), the University of Cambridge (1209), the University of Salamanca (1218), the University of Montpellier (1220), the University of Padua (1222), the University of Naples Federico II (1224), the University of Toulouse (1229).^[10][11] The Church was responsible for the development of a lot of medieval universities in Western Europe.

The University of Bologna began as a law school teaching the ius gentium or Roman law of peoples which was in demand across Europe for those defending the right of incipient nations against empire and church. Bologna’s special claim to Alma Mater Studiorum is based on its autonomy, its awarding of degrees, and other structural arrangements, making it the oldest continuously operating institution^[4] independent of kings, emperors or any kind of direct religious authority.^[12][13]

The conventional date of 1088, or 1087 according to some,^[14] records when a certain Irnerius commences teaching Emperor Justinian’s 6th century codification of Roman law, the Corpus Iuris Civilis, recently discovered at Pisa. Lay students arrive in the city from many lands contracting to gain this knowledge, organising themselves into ‘Learning Nations’ of Hungarians, Greeks, North Africans, Arabs, Franks, Germans, Iberians etc. The students “had all the power…and dominated the masters”.^[15][16]

In Europe, young men proceeded to university when they had completed their study of the trivium–the preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric and dialectic or logic–and the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. (See Degrees of the University of Oxford for the history of how the trivium and quadrivium developed in relation to degrees, especially in anglophone universities).

Although the university is widely regarded as "the European institution par excellence" in terms of its origins and characteristics,^[17] some scholars have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious Madrasah schools in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades).^[18] Other scholars oppose this view^[19] and argue that there is no actual evidence of the transmission of Arab scholarly methods discernible in medieval universities.^[20]

[edit] Modern universities

Main article: History of European research universities

The tower of the University of Coimbra, the oldest Portuguese university

The end of the medieval period marked the beginning of the transformation of universities that would eventually result in the modern research university. Many external influences, such as eras of humanism, Enlightenment, Reformation and Revolution, shaped research universities during their development.

By the 18th century, universities published their own research journals and by the 19th century, the German and the French university models had arisen. The German, or Humboldtian model, was conceived by Wilhelm von Humboldt and based on Friedrich Schleiermacher’s liberal ideas pertaining to the importance of freedom, seminars, and laboratories in universities.^{[citation needed]} The French university model involved strict discipline and control over every aspect of the university.

Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain the move from industrial revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 by Sir Keith Murray (chairman of the University Grants Committee) and Sir Samuel Curran, with the formation of the University of Strathclyde.^[21] The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe. In a general sense, the basic structure and aims of universities have remained constant over the years.^[22]

[edit] National universities

A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represent a state autonomic institutions which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. In revolutions in Argentina were the result of the university revolution of 1918 and its posteriors reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.

[edit] Organization

The University of Sydney is Australia's oldest university.

Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or faculties. Public university systems are ruled over by government-run higher education boards. They review financial requests and budget proposals and then allocate funds for each university in the system. They also approve new programs of instruction and cancel or make changes in existing programs. In addition, they plan for the further coordinated growth and development of the various institutions of higher education in the state or country. However, many public universities in the world have a considerable degree of financial, research and pedagogical autonomy. Private universities are privately funded and generally have a broader independence from state policies.

Despite the variable policies, or cultural and economic standards available in different geographical locations create a tremendous disparity between universities around the world and even inside a country, the universities are usually among the foremost research and advanced training providers in every society. Most universities not only offer courses in subjects ranging from the natural sciences, engineering, architecture or medicine, to sports sciences, social sciences, law or humanities, they also offer many amenities to their student population including a variety of places to eat, banks, bookshops, print shops, job centers, and bars. In addition, universities have a range of facilities like libraries, sports centers, students' unions, computer labs, and research laboratories. In a number of countries, major classic universities usually have their own botanical gardens, astronomical observatories, business incubators and university hospitals.

[edit] Universities around the world

See also: List of colleges and universities by country

Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, US

The funding and organization of universities varies widely between different countries around the world. In some countries universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others funding may come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay. In some countries the vast majority of students attend university in their local town, while in other countries universities attract students from all over the world, and may provide university accommodation for their students.^[23]

[edit] Classification

Brooks Hall, home of the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, US

The definition of a university varies widely even within some countries. For example, there is no nationally standardized definition of the term in the United States although the term has traditionally been used to designate research institutions and was once reserved for research doctorate-granting institutions.^[24] Some states, such as Massachusetts, will only grant a school "university status" if it grants at least two doctoral degrees.^[25] In the United Kingdom, an institution can only use the term if it has been granted by the Privy Council, under the terms of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.^[26] In India, a new tag deemed universities was created a few years ago, by the cabinet minister Arjun Singh during his tenure as the Minister for Human Resource Development. Through this provision many universities sprung up in India, which are commercial in nature and have been established just to exploit the demand of higher education^[27]

[edit] Colloquial usage

Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "when I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is used instead: "when I was in college..."). See the college article for further discussion. In Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the German-speaking countries "university" is often contracted to "uni". In New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called "varsity" (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years), which was also common usage in the UK in the 19th century.

[edit] Cost

Main article: Tuition

Many students look to get 'student grants' to cover the cost of university. The cost may rise for students, as a result of decreased funding given to universities.

[edit] Religious and political control of universities

In some countries, in some political systems, universities are controlled by political or religious authorities who forbid certain fields of study or impose certain other fields. Sometimes national or racial limitations exist in the students that can be admitted, the faculty and staff that can be employed, and the research that can be conducted.

[edit] Nazi universities

Main article: Nazi university

Books from university libraries, written by anti-Nazi or Jewish authors, were burned in places (example: in Berlin) in 1933, and the curricula were subsequently modified. Jewish professors and students were expelled according to the racial policy of Nazi Germany (see also the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service). Martin Heidegger became the rector of University of Freiburg, where he delivered a number of Nazi speeches. On August 21, 1933 Heidegger established the Führer-principle at the university, later he was appointed Führer of Freiburg University. University of Poznań was closed by the Nazi Occupation in 1939. 1941–1944 a German university worked there. University of Strasbourg was transferred to Clermont-Ferrand and Reichsuniversität Straßburg existed 1941–1944.

Nazi universities ended in 1943.